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| General |
| Name, symbol, number |
phosphorus, P, 15 |
| Element category |
nonmetals |
| Group, period, block |
15, 3, p |
| Appearance |
waxy white/ red/
black/ colorless/ yellow
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| Standard atomic weight |
30.973762(2)?g·mol-1 |
| Electron configuration |
3s2 3p3 |
| Electrons per shell |
2, 8, 5 |
| Density (near r.t.) |
(white) 1.823 g·cm-3 |
| Density (near r.t.) |
(red) 2.34 g·cm-3 |
| Density (near r.t.) |
(black) 2.69 g·cm-3 |
| Melting point |
(white) 317.3 K
(44.2 °C, 111.6 °F) |
| Boiling point |
550 K
(277 °C, 531 °F) |
| Heat of fusion |
(white) 0.66 kJ·mol-1 |
| Heat of vaporization |
12.4 kJ·mol-1 |
| Specific heat capacity |
(25 °C) (white)
23.824 J·mol-1·K-1 |
Vapor pressure (white)
| P/Pa |
1 |
10 |
100 |
1 k |
10 k |
100 k |
| at T/K |
279 |
307 |
342 |
388 |
453 |
549 |
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Vapor pressure (red)
| P/Pa |
1 |
10 |
100 |
1 k |
10 k |
100 k |
| at T/K |
455 |
489 |
529 |
576 |
635 |
704 |
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| Oxidation states |
5, 4, 3, 2 [1], 1 [2], -3
(mildly acidic oxide) |
| Electronegativity |
2.19 (Pauling scale) |
Ionization energies
(more) |
1st: 1011.8 kJ·mol-1 |
| 2nd: 1907 kJ·mol-1 |
| 3rd: 2914.1 kJ·mol-1 |
| Atomic radius |
100 pm |
| Atomic radius (calc.) |
98 pm |
| Covalent radius |
106 pm |
| Van der Waals radius |
180 pm |
| Miscellaneous |
| Magnetic ordering |
no data |
| Thermal conductivity |
(300 K) (white)
0.236 W·m-1·K-1 |
| Bulk modulus |
11 GPa |
| CAS registry number |
7723-14-0 |
| Selected isotopes |
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| References |
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Index Of Related Pages
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