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GA binding protein transcription factor, alpha subunit 60kDa, also known as GABPA, is a human gene.
This gene encodes one of three GA-binding protein transcription factor subunits which functions as a DNA-binding subunit. Since this subunit shares identity with a subunit encoding the nuclear respiratory factor 2 gene, it is likely involved in activation of cytochrome oxidase expression and nuclear control of mitochondrial function. This subunit also shares identity with a subunit constituting the transcription factor E4TF1, responsible for expression of the adenovirus E4 gene. Because of its chromosomal localization and ability to form heterodimers with other polypeptides, this gene may play a role in the Down Syndrome phenotype.[1]
References
Further reading
- Chrast R, Chen H, Morris MA, Antonarakis SE (1995). "Mapping of the human transcription factor GABPA (E4TF1-60) gene to chromosome 21.". Genomics 28 (1): 11922. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.1117. PMID 7590737.
- Sawada J, Goto M, Watanabe H, et al. (1995). "Regional mapping of two subunits of transcription factor E4TF1 to human chromosome.". Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 86 (1): 102. PMID 7737900.
- Gugneja S, Virbasius JV, Scarpulla RC (1995). "Four structurally distinct, non-DNA-binding subunits of human nuclear respiratory factor 2 share a conserved transcriptional activation domain.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 15 (1): 10211. PMID 7799916.
- Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides.". Gene 138 (1-2): 1714. PMID 8125298.
- Watanabe H, Sawada J, Yano K, et al. (1993). "cDNA cloning of transcription factor E4TF1 subunits with Ets and notch motifs.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 13 (3): 138591. PMID 8441384.
- Goto M, Shimizu T, Sawada J, et al. (1996). "Assignment of the E4TF1-60 gene to human chromosome 21q21.2-q21.3.". Gene 166 (2): 3378. PMID 8543189.
- Sawa C, Goto M, Suzuki F, et al. (1997). "Functional domains of transcription factor hGABP beta1/E4TF1-53 required for nuclear localization and transcription activation.". Nucleic Acids Res. 24 (24): 495461. PMID 9016666.
- Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library.". Gene 200 (1-2): 14956. PMID 9373149.
- Batchelor AH, Piper DE, de la Brousse FC, et al. (1998). "The structure of GABPalpha/beta: an ETS domain- ankyrin repeat heterodimer bound to DNA.". Science 279 (5353): 103741. PMID 9461436.
- Suzuki F, Goto M, Sawa C, et al. (1998). "Functional interactions of transcription factor human GA-binding protein subunits.". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (45): 293028. PMID 9792629.
- Itoh K, Wakabayashi N, Katoh Y, et al. (1999). "Keap1 represses nuclear activation of antioxidant responsive elements by Nrf2 through binding to the amino-terminal Neh2 domain.". Genes Dev. 13 (1): 7686. PMID 9887101.
- Bannert N, Avots A, Baier M, et al. (1999). "GA-binding protein factors, in concert with the coactivator CREB binding protein/p300, control the induction of the interleukin 16 promoter in T lymphocytes.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96 (4): 15416. PMID 9990060.
- Sawada J, Simizu N, Suzuki F, et al. (2000). "Synergistic transcriptional activation by hGABP and select members of the activation transcription factor/cAMP response element-binding protein family.". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (50): 3547582. PMID 10585419.
- Guo A, Nie F, Wong-Riley M (2000). "Human nuclear respiratory factor 2 alpha subunit cDNA: isolation, subcloning, sequencing, and in situ hybridization of transcripts in normal and monocularly deprived macaque visual system.". J. Comp. Neurol. 417 (2): 22132. PMID 10660899.
- Vogel JL, Kristie TM (2000). "The novel coactivator C1 (HCF) coordinates multiprotein enhancer formation and mediates transcription activation by GABP.". EMBO J. 19 (4): 68390. doi:10.1093/emboj/19.4.683. PMID 10675337.
- Hattori M, Fujiyama A, Taylor TD, et al. (2000). "The DNA sequence of human chromosome 21.". Nature 405 (6784): 3119. doi:10.1038/35012518. PMID 10830953.
- Galvagni F, Capo S, Oliviero S (2001). "Sp1 and Sp3 physically interact and co-operate with GABP for the activation of the utrophin promoter.". J. Mol. Biol. 306 (5): 98596. doi:10.1006/jmbi.2000.4335. PMID 11237613.
- Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932.
- Dhakshinamoorthy S, Porter AG (2004). "Nitric oxide-induced transcriptional up-regulation of protective genes by Nrf2 via the antioxidant response element counteracts apoptosis of neuroblastoma cells.". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (19): 20096107. doi:10.1074/jbc.M312492200. PMID 14985350.
- Shen G, Hebbar V, Nair S, et al. (2004). "Regulation of Nrf2 transactivation domain activity. The differential effects of mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades and synergistic stimulatory effect of Raf and CREB-binding protein.". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (22): 2305260. doi:10.1074/jbc.M401368200. PMID 15020583.
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Transcription factors and intracellular receptors |
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(1) Basic domains |
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Activating transcription factor ( AATF, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) AP-1 ( c-Fos, FOSB, FOSL1, FOSL2, c-Jun, JUNB, JUND) BACH ( 1, 2) BATF BLZF1 C/EBP ( a, ί, ?, d, e, ?) CREB ( 1, 3, L1) CREM DBP DDIT3 GABPA HLF MAF ( B, F, G, K) NFE ( 2, L1, L2) NRL NRF1 XBP1
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(1.2) Basic helix-loop-helix ( bHLH)
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ATOH1 AhR AHRR ARNT ASCL1 BHLHB2 BMAL ( ARNTL, ARNTL2) CLOCK EPAS1 HAND ( 1, 2) HES ( 5, 6) HEY ( 1, 2, L) HES1 HIF ( 1A, 3A) ID ( 1, 2, 3, 4) LYL1 MXD4 MYCL1 MYCN Myogenic regulatory factors ( MyoD, Myogenin, MYF5, MYF6) Neurogenins NeuroD ( 1, 2) NPAS ( 1, 2, 3) OLIG ( 1, 2) Scleraxis TAL1 Twist USF1
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(1.4) NF-1
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(1.5) RF-X
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(1.6) Basic helix-span-helix (bHSH)
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(2) Zinc finger DNA-binding domains |
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subfamily 1 ( Thyroid hormone ( a, ί), CAR, FXR, LXR ( a, ί), PPAR ( a, ί/d, ?), PXR, RAR ( a, ί, ?), ROR ( a, ί, ?), Rev-ErbA ( a, ί), VDR)
subfamily 2 ( COUP-TF ( I, II), Ear-2, HNF4 ( a, ?), PNR, RXR ( a, ί, ?), Testicular receptor ( 2, 4), TLX)
subfamily 3 ( Steroid hormone ( Androgen, Estrogen ( a, ί), Glucocorticoid, Mineralocorticoid, Progesterone), Estrogen related ( a, ί, ?))
subfamily 4 NUR ( NGFIB, NOR1, NURR1) subfamily 5 ( LRH-1, SF1) subfamily 6 ( GCNF) subfamily 0 ( DAX1, SHP)
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(2.2) Other Cys4
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(2.3) Cys2His2
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General transcription factors ( TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF ( 1, 2), TFIIH ( 1, 2, 4, 2I, 3A, 3C1, 3C2))
ATBF1 BCL ( 6, 11A, 11B) CTCF E4F1 EGR ( 2, 3) ERV3 GFI1 GLI-Krόppel family ( 1, 2, 3, S2, YY1) HIC ( 1, 2) HIVEP ( 1, 2, 3) IKZF ( 1, 2, 3) ILF ( 2, 3) KLF ( 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 17 ) MTF1 MYT1 OSR1 SP ( 1, 2, 4, 7) Zbtb7 ( 7A, 7B) ZBTB ( 16, 17, 20, 32, 33, 40) zinc finger ( 3, 7, 9, 10, 19, 22, 24, 33B, 34, 35, 41, 43, 44, 51, 74, 143, 146, 148, 165, 202, 217, 219, 238, 239, 259, 267, 268, 281, 295, 318, 330, 346, 350, 365, 366, 384, 423, 451, 452, 471, 593, 638, 649, 655)
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(2.4) Cys6
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(2.5) Alternating composition
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(3) Helix-turn-helix domains |
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ARX CDX ( 1, 2) CRX CUTL1 DLX ( 3, 4, 5) EMX2 EN ( 1, 2) FHL ( 1, 2, 3) HESX1 HHEX HLX Homeobox ( A1, A3, A4, A5, A7, A9, A10, A11, A13, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9, B13, C4, C5, C6, C8, C9, C10, C11, C13, D1, D3, D4, D8, D9, D10, D11, D12, D13) HOPX MEIS ( 1, 2) MEOX2 MNX1 MSX ( 1, 2) NANOG NKX ( 2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 2-5, 3-1, 3-2) PBX ( 1, 2, 3) PHF ( 1, 3, 6, 8, 10, 16, 17, 20, 21A) PITX ( 1, 2, 3) POU domain ( PIT-1, BRN-3: A, B, C, Octamer transcription factor: 1, 2, 3/4, 6, 7, 11) OTX ( 1, 2) PDX1
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(3.2) Paired box
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E2F ( 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) FOX proteins ( C1, C2, E1, G1, H1, K2, L2, M1, N3, O1A, O3A, O4, P1, P2, P3)
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(3.5) Tryptophan clusters
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ELF ( 4, 5) EGF ELK ( 1, 3, 4) ERF ERG ETS ( 1, 2, SPIB) ETV ( 1, 4, 5, 6) FLI1 Interferon regulatory factors ( 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) MYB MYBL2
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(3.6) TEA domain
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transcriptional enhancer factor 1, 2
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(4) ί-Scaffold factors with minor groove contacts |
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(4.1) Rel homology region
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(4.3) p53
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HMGB ( 1, 2, 3) HNF ( 1A, 1B) LEF1 SOX ( 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 21) SRY SSRP1 TOX ( 1, 2, 3, 4)
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(4.10) Cold-shock domain
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(4.11) Runt
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(0) Other transcription factors |
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(0.2) HMGI(Y)
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(0.6) Miscellaneous
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ARID ( 1A, 1B, 2, 3A, 3B, 4A) CAP IFI ( 16, 35) MLL ( 2, 3, T1) MNDA NFI ( A, B, C, X) NFY ( A, B, C) Rho/ Sigma R-SMAD
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