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The coulomb (symbol: C) is the SI unit of electric charge. It is named after Charles-Augustin de Coulomb.
Definition
1 coulomb is the amount of electric charge transported by a current of 1 ampere in 1 second.[1] [2][3]
It can also be expressed in terms of capacitance and voltage, where one coulomb is equal to one farad of capacitance times one volt of electric potential difference:
Explanation
In principle, the coulomb could be defined in terms of the charge of an electron or elementary charge. Since the values of the Josephson (CIPM (1988) Recommendation 1, PV 56; 19) and von Klitzing (CIPM (1988), Recommendation 2, PV 56; 20) constants have been given conventional values (KJ = 4.835 979×1014 Hz/V and RK = 2.581 280 7×104 O), it is possible to combine these values to form an alternative (not yet official) definition of the coulomb. A coulomb is then equal to exactly 6.241 509 629 152 65×1018 elementary charges. Combined with the present definition of the ampere, this proposed definition would make the kilogram a derived unit.
In everyday situations, positive and negative charges are usually balanced out. According to Coulomb's Law, two point charges of +1 C, one meter apart, would experience a repulsive force of 9×109 N, roughly the equivalent of 900,000 metric tons of weight.
Historical note
The ampere was historically a derived unit—being defined as 1 coulomb per second. Therefore the coulomb, rather than the ampere, was the SI base electrical unit.
In 1960 the SI made the ampere the base unit. [4]
SI multiples
SI multiples for coulomb (C)
| Submultiples |
|
Multiples |
| Value |
Symbol |
Name |
|
Value |
Symbol |
Name |
| 10–1 C |
dC |
decicoulomb |
|
101 C |
daC |
decacoulomb |
| 10–2 C |
cC |
centicoulomb |
102 C |
hC |
hectocoulomb |
| 10–3 C |
mC |
millicoulomb |
103 C |
kC |
kilocoulomb |
| 10–6 C |
µC |
microcoulomb |
106 C |
MC |
megacoulomb |
| 10–9 C |
nC |
nanocoulomb |
109 C |
GC |
gigacoulomb |
| 10–12 C |
pC |
picocoulomb |
1012 C |
TC |
teracoulomb |
| 10–15 C |
fC |
femtocoulomb |
1015 C |
PC |
petacoulomb |
| 10–18 C |
aC |
attocoulomb |
1018 C |
EC |
exacoulomb |
| 10–21 C |
zC |
zeptocoulomb |
1021 C |
ZC |
zettacoulomb |
| 10–24 C |
yC |
yoctocoulomb |
1024 C |
YC |
yottacoulomb |
| Common multiples are in bold face. |
Conversions
- The electrical charge of one mole of electrons (approximately 6.022×1023, or Avogadro's number) is known as a faraday (actually –1 faraday, since electrons are negatively charged). One faraday equals 96485.3399 coulombs (the Faraday constant). In terms of Avogadro's number (NA), one coulomb is equal to approximately 1.036 × NA ×10-5 elementary charges.
- One statcoulomb (statC), the CGS electrostatic unit of charge (esu), is approximately 3.3356×10-10 C or about 1/3 nC.
- 1 coulomb is the amount of electrical charge in 6.241506×1018 electrons or other elementary charged particles.
| This SI unit is named after Charles-Augustin de Coulomb. As with every SI unit whose name is derived from the proper name of a person, the first letter of its symbol is uppercase (C). When an SI unit is spelled out in English, it should always begin with a lowercase letter (coulomb), except where any word would be capitalized, such as at the beginning of a sentence or in capitalized material such as a title. Note that "degree Celsius" conforms to this rule because the "d" is lowercase.
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See also
References
- ^ BIPM Table 3
- ^ NIST: Table 3. SI derived units with special names
- ^ BIPM SI Brochure, Appendix 1, p. 144
- ^ Kowalski, Ludwik, "A Short History of the SI Units in Electricity", pp. 97-99 vol 24, The Physics Teacher, Feb 1986
1.Kowalski, Ludwik, "A Short History of the SI Units in Electricity", pp. 97-99 vol 24, The Physics Teacher, Feb 1986
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