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The branched-chain a-keto acid dehydrogenase complex is a combination of enzymes responsible for the degradation of the branched chain amino acids. Examples of these include valine, isoleucine, and leucine.
Cofactors
This complex requires the following 5 cofactors:
Similar enzymes
This complex is also analogous to the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex in the citric acid cycle and the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex creating acetyl-CoA prior to the citric acid cycle.
Pathology
A deficiency in any of the enzymes of this complex as well as an inhibition of the complex as a whole is responsible for maple syrup urine disease.
This enzyme is an autoantigen recognized in primary biliary cirrhosis, a form of acute liver failure. These antibodies appear to recognize oxidized protein that has resulted from inflamatory immune responses. Some of these inflamatory responses are explained by gluten sensitivity.[1]. Other mitochondrial autoantigens include pyruvate dehydrogenase and branched chain oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, which are antigens recognized by anti-mitochondrial antibodies.
References
- ^ Leung PS, Rossaro L, Davis PA, et al (2007). "Antimitochondrial antibodies in acute liver failure: Implications for primary biliary cirrhosis". doi:10.1002/hep.21828. PMID 17657817.
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